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Never has an intermediate fossil of a reptile evolving into a bird been found. Thousands of fossilized reptiles and birds are documented, yet not a single transitional fossil has been discovered that proves one species morphed into the other creature.

The overall fossil record is an enemy to Darwinism.

All higher kinds of plants and animals appear abruptly in the fossil record with no transitional types linking one group to another. The amount of transitional forms involved in the evolutionary transformation from reptiles to birds, over millions of years, should add up to an incredible number.

Although the only fossil evidence presented has not held up to even scant scientific scrutiny, it still has misled billions of people into believing in Darwinian-style evolution.

After one embarrassing candidate that was passed off as a reptile-to-bird missing link was proven to be a fraud put together by a cash-poor farmer in China, “The ‘Missing Link’ That Wasn’t” by Tim Friend appeared in USA TODAY, 2-3-2000.

In the article, Friend wrote:

“…this ‘true missing link between dinosaurs and birds’sprouted its…tail not 120 million years ago but only shortly before being smuggled out of China; has children believing in feathered dinosaurs that never existed, prominent scientists calling each other names and two respected science publications under assault.”

Unfortunately, the fraudulent claims hit the newsstands about once a year. After being used to mislead millions of people they then quietly disappear.

The primary candidate presented by Darwinists as the missing link between reptile and bird is Archaeopteryx.

There is no doubt that Archaeopteryx was an odd bird but there is also no honest doubt that it was 100% bird. It had well-developed feathers for flight, and feathers are very complex structures.

Researchers now know for a fact that reptile DNA does not contain the information to form feathers. The dagger through the heart of Darwinism here is that real science knows of no way for nature to add appreciable amounts of new and beneficial genetic information to an existing gene pool, much less the millions of pieces of data required to change a reptile into a flying bird.

Another crushing blow to the claim that Archaeopteryx was a missing link between reptiles and birds is that scientists have found several fossils of completely modern birds below the strata layers which contained Archaeopteryx.

“…scientists found bird bones farther down the geologic column than Archaeopteryx.” (Nature 322; 8-21-1986; Science 253; 7-5-1991.)

Since Darwinists believe those layers of rock formed slowly and that the fossils found in those strata represent our evolutionary paths, finding modern birds in layers below those that contain Archaeopteryx should have removed him from consideration as any sort of transitional kind.

The late paleontologist, Dr. Colin Patterson of the British Museum of Natural History, wrote a book titled Evolution. In reply to why he had not included any pictures of transitional forms in his publication, Dr. Patterson wrote:

“I fully agree with your comments about the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. I will lay it on the line, there is not one such fossil for which one could make a watertight argument.” (C. Patterson, from a letter to Luther Sunderland, April 10, 1979, as published in Darwin’s Enigma (Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 4th ed. 1988, page 89.)

Russ Miller is author of The GENESIS Report Series. Register at http://www.new-earth-thought.com to receive FREE his 50 Facts vs. Darwinism e-mail series.

Are you interested in astronomy? Wouldn’t it be great, to really see, what all those shinning points of light are, in the night sky? Well, you can with a telescope, but how to buy a telescope? What do you need to get started in astronomy, and wouldn’t it be great to have it all in an easy telescope buying guide, such as this article?

Well, you have it. Here is the article, that can help you get into astronomy. First it is important to consider a few points, when wondering how to buy a telescope. The first and obvious step, is buying a telescope. However, there are some other parts, which go to make your hobby in astronomy, so much more fun.

You need 3 things to get the most out of astronomy, and 1 other item, which I recommend:
1. A telescope (this telescope buying guide, should help with that!)
2. A star atlas
3. A good practical book on astronomy and telescopes

* Optional
4. A notebook

Let us look into these necessary items to get the most out of astronomy. Remember, you can easily get into astronomy, by studying and learning the constellations. Some people in our human history, devoted there lives to constellations, some even to just 1 or 2!

* 1. How To Buy A Telescope?
Your first step before buying a telescope, is to consider what you want it for. Remember, telescopes are scientific instruments. This is an investment, and generally more you pay, more better telescope you get, which can literally last a life time.

If you have been wondering how to buy telescopes, you have come to the right place! Buying a telescope requires buying from either 1 of 3 places. From a specialized telescope shop, though these are not always easily found. The next is through mail order and the third, which is the easiest, is online.

There are 2 main types of telescope, one is reflector telescopes (catoptric), and refracting telescopes (dioptric). One has a big mirror, and the other is longer, and slimmer. They both pretty much do the same objectives. However, many people prefer the reflector for deep space viewing.

* 2 & 3 - A Good Star Atlas And Practical Astronomy And Telescopes Book
Getting the most out of the science of astronomy, is not about buying the biggest telescope or the high price you paid. Instead it is about knowing what is where, and where to look.

Galileo’s telescope was so inferior to today’s telescopes readily available, that he said that Saturn has ears! However, he still invested a lifetime into the study of these objects.

The key to knowing where to look, is with a good star atlas, and a practical astronomy book, designed for small telescope use. A book called - Turn Left At Orion, seems to be the most popular, and easy to follow.

* 4. A Notebook
Viewing Saturn, Jupiter, and the Moon, can be fun home scientific tasks, but what happens next? We get bored! The truth is, to get the most out of astronomy, is to treat it as a science. Even if you are the worst painter, you still can record a detailed picture of the Moon’s craters over days, and see the differences. This will go a long way in the future, and will allow you to look back, and see what many people will never see, and all because you invested into the science of astronomy.

A great site to visit, especially if you want a telescope, is the telescope buying guide with information on how to buy a telescope.
If you like Meade, and are looking to buy, then visit, this link for the best Meade telescopes, you can buy.

Water is the key to a person’s survival because without water survival is simply not an option. However, water has to be purified in order to drink otherwise bacteria in the water can be harmful to your organs if drunk in normal consumption. This is highlighted especially in third world countries such as Ethiopia and Gambia where many people die due to impure water that contains lots of bacteria that cause infection and illness. In all MEDC countries there is a point at which water is considered pure and it must go through a thorough process in which the water is processed in a treatment plant until it is determined pure enough to drink (drinking water).

The process of water purification is quite complicated and once pure the water can be used for a number of reasons other than human consumption. For example pure water can be used for medical purposes as well as industrial purposes. The sources for the drinking water that an everyday person consumes can come from a wide variety of places. One example would be groundwater. This is water that comes up from underground, a result of rainfall that fell hundreds of years ago. The soil and rocks naturally filter the water while it is in the ground and that means that when the water is pumped to the treatment plant there is no need for high filtration.

Water may also be pumped from wells or boreholes in the ground if other sources may be low. This type of water though may need a high level of disinfection due to the other chemicals in it such as carbon and magnesium. Another source of water are lakes, reservoirs and canals; this water is generally high in bacteria however. This means a high level of filtration is needed to ensure that the water is pure enough to drink. Due to this being natural water there may also be algae growing on the water’s surface due to fish and other natural life present in many reservoirs and lakes.

Higher filtration levels means it takes a lot longer to purify water. One last example would be to collect rainwater and fog that is natural water collected together in the atmosphere. To collect this water big water butts and man made holes are constructed allowing for a large amount of water to be held. It is considered that the water collected is not safe to drink straight away and must be put through a treatment process first before it is drunk.

There are five stages to the pre treatment process of the water. The first process is the containment and pumping stage. This involves the pumping of the water from its source into large tanks where it can be kept for a period of time. To avoid contamination of the water the pumps and buildings must be made of special materials. The second stage is the screening; this is where large objects in the water are removed such as leaves or sticks. Groundwater does not need this stage normally as it is filtered before purification.

The next stage is the storage of the water in big man made reservoirs. The water can be stored for months at a time until the water is naturally purified. Also in large periods of drought, water is kept in reserve if there is a water shortage. The fourth and fifth stages include the softening of the water as in some cases the water can be too hard due to an excess of chlorine. Also small organisms and other bacteria are removed from the water allowing the water to enter the main treatment process.

Without the scientific water purification process the developed world would be susceptible to a large variety of waterborne diseases. It is thanks to these processes that we have safe and clean drinking water. Truly water is the essence of life and thankfully the processes involved in its purification ensure our safety.

Science expert Thomas Pretty looks into the water purification process and its importance to society.

Whatever you are planning for your future, whether it’s a new house, starting a family or even going on a diet - don’t bother. In four years the world will end and your plans will be ruined. This is the belief of thousands of people across the planet, preparing for the end of the world and death of mankind. So grab your diary and put this date in it - December 21st 2012.

The concept is gaining momentum as many religious texts, historical documents and even NASA have ‘predicted’ that there will be major changes to the Earth in the year 2012. And with the help of celebrity believers including the always-reliable Mel Gibson joining in, 2012 has become the talking point at dinner parties everywhere.

So, where has this cultural phenomenon come from and why do so many people believe? The widespread panic that accompanied the end of the millennium and the whole Y2K debacle seems to have shapeshifted into another end of the world scare. Why should we believe this one when Y2K believers became figures of fun to all those who had mocked them. Well, there are many reasons to listen as 2012 theorists can source ‘facts’ and ‘knowledge’ to support their claims.

The most referenced prediction comes from the Mayan Calendar as believers point to the completion of the B’ak’tun cycle as the signal that a new world order will be upon us. So the Mayans have apparently predicted that the end of the world will occur in 2012 and that the length of the lunar moon is 329.53020 days. They were only thirty seconds out with their lunar moon guess so basically it’s all over for us earthlings. Misinterpretation can make a big difference when translating ancient texts.

If you aren’t convinced yet then take a trip to Yellowstone National Park where the world’s biggest volcano lays dormant. Beneath this US tourist attraction, a volcano with a pattern of erupting every 650,000 years is expected to celebrate its special day with us. So when is the volcano’s anniversary, that’s right - 2012. It is understandable that the volcano is set to erupt in the near future but it would seem unrealistic that it would even wipe out a small section of the American population so are the believers clutching at straws with this one?

Moving on. So the Earth has two magnetic poles, north and south, that help protect the Earth’s surface from the devastating effects of the sun. Well, hold on to your hat, because the protection is about to be rescinded, the poles are shifting and we are all set for the worst case of sunburn in history. So, stock up on some factor 50 sunblock and grab the biggest hat you can find because it is about to get extremely hot.

Scientists have also announced that sunspot activity will reach a massive peak in 2012, resulting in severe solar storms and atmospheric changes. With this predicted sunspot expected to be up to 50 per cent stronger than previous ones, NASA has even began making preparations for the problems that await. But will these events make as big an impact on live as we know it as is suggested?

Cynics will say that all of these theories are based upon false translations and misinterpretations that manipulate people’s faith and need to believe. However ridiculous the claims may seem to non-believers, it is certainly going to be an interesting day when the clock strikes midnight and the 21st December 2012 is upon us.

Patrick is an expert Research and Travel consultant. His current interest is in Heathrow Terminal 5 Parking, Hilton Heathrow and airport parking.

Your passion is ignited. NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope pictures have captivated your imagination. Now you are on the quest to buy your own astronomical telescope, yes your very own! But, where can you buy a scientific instrument for a beginner, and still be able to use it properly?

Telescopes are simply amazing scientific instruments. You point it up in the night sky, and soon find that you have access to the whole universe. You find stars, nebula, galaxies, and many more fascinating parts of our universe. This is an instrument which you can never get exhausted from. As long as there are objects in heaven, a telescope will always be used to peer into the universe.

How is a novice, someone who is an amateur at astronomy going to be able to see the beauty of the heavens? We hear of the Hubble Space Telescope, and many other great observatories. Well, luckily there have been passionate people about astronomy. These men and woman have created telescopes for people like you and me.

The telescope is pretty much an easy enough instrument to use. There is nothing complicated with telescopes, and these telescopes which are mass produced today are available to all for modest prices. However, there are many options.

Finding a telescope is not as easy as buying milk or honey. Buying a telescope needs research, to be able to find the right one. Some toy stores, especially the big stores, have telescopes in there scientific toy sections. This kind of telescope, though easily accessible, may not be your best option. Though they are great for children and people who only want a passing hobby with astronomy, a better telescope can show you so much more, and can really ignite your passion.

Another step up would be to go to an optical product retailer. You find cameras, digital cameras, and binoculars. Often they will have telescopes for sale. Though the telescopes you will find may be best suited for terrestrial viewing. They can however give you much better views of the heavens than a telescope from a toy store.

One of the problems with the camera seller is that they can’t really give you much real advice about the telescope. They may give you facts and figures, but many will not know much about astronomy.

Another solution, which is the best by far, is the dedicated telescope retailer. These retailers are there because of there passion for astronomy. They know what works and what doesn’t. In almost all cases, you will only find telescopes which produce the kind of results you expect to see. Again this is at a price. A good quality telescope is not cheap, and can run anywhere from several hundred dollars to thousands of dollars.

The choice of where to go will depend on your needs, and how much you have an interest in astronomy. A point to make; some high end binoculars perform just as same as the lower quality telescopes, and may in fact produce better results.

A great reason to buy a good quality telescope is that you get to have a scientific instrument which is made with quality optics, and a sturdy mount. What you then have is a scientific instrument which will last you for many years.

Here is some telescope resources that can help you find and buy a telescope:
Buy Telescopes |
Meade Telescope Sales |
Buying Binoculars UK

Disinfectant is used for a surprising amount of uses in the chemical, domestic and scientific spheres. It is normally purchased as tablets or in a powder compound, the mixture usually following a ratio of one percent disinfectant and the rest water. Some forms of disinfectant are extremely powerful without being to chemically harsh, an example would be Virkon. It is useful against foot and mouth disease, avian influenza and even SARS but also has uses in the aquaculture field.

In ponds and large tanks these disinfectant tablets will effectively cleanse the water of bacteria, fungi and microbial spores. Based upon the original work of T.R. Auchencloss it represents what a modern disinfectant is, powerful and yet not harsh to the surrounding environment. stronger disinfectants are used more widely in the disinfecting of livestock and animal enclosures as well as hospitals and other laboratory settings. Being able to control such highly contagious pathogens makes modern disinfectant in either tablets or powder one of the most powerful defences we have to prevent the spreading of disease.

Ultimately it is a safe disinfectant perfect for use in the agricultural sphere, farmers can use the tablets easily as they give a simple way of measuring concentration. In addition, it is often a tiresome and difficult task to empty livestock areas for cleaning, thankfully this type of disinfectant allows farmers to clean livestock areas without having to move animals; it is perfectly safe to use in farm conditions. Even with this level of safety however it manages to kill all known viral strains, fungi, bacteria families and mycoplasma.

The specially formulated disinfectant that is used in the aquaculture industry has had some fundamental changes to ensure that it does not harm fish and other inhabitants. One of the ways it has been made safer for aquaculture use has been through the removal of certain cleaning agents present in agricultural disinfectant. As it is less of an issue to remove dirt from surfaces in aquaculture management it is possible to remove some of the harsher abrasives to ensure that the safety of fish and other creatures is in the primacy.

Aquaculture disinfectant of this variety also has a number of other differences from its cousin used in the agricultural sphere. Instead of tablets it is more common to have the solution mixed from a powder; this is due to the control of dilution being more important in the aquaculture field. In addition, aqua-cultural disinfectant has a stronger colouration than its agricultural counterpart; once again this is so dilution can be controlled more accurately. The dilution is normally measured using a colour chart containing different shades of the distinctive pink disinfectant. By matching the solution to the chart it is possible to accurately measure its strength.

The use of scientifically developed disinfectants has become widespread in the food production industry as a way of cleaning and disinfecting machinery and production areas. Its safety is so certain that governments around the world have deemed it a safe disinfectant to be used in organic food production. That is as long as the maximum exposure level is not met; this level however is predefined and hence those in food production know to avoid it. The reasons behind its safety lie with its method of disinfecting. Rather than harsh and abrasive chemical disinfectants modern formulas rely upon enzymes that actively work towards breaking down viral strains and bacteria.

Today the uses for this disinfectant are far reaching, with some industries recommending it as a matter of course and even some government departments advising its usage it has revolutionised the way we disinfect. Thanks to the enzymes it is now possible to disinfectant without harsh chemical additives making the process easier and safer.

Industry expert Thomas Pretty looks into why Virkon tablets and powder is now the disinfectant of choice in a number of spheres